养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、摄食和饵料利用影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

邓梦颖  吴志强  肖英平  胡向萍  肖鸣鹤  涂彭文 《淡水渔业》2010,40(3)

以体重(0.015±0.004)g克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾为研究对象,研究了50、100、300、600、900尾/m25种养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、摄食和饲料利用的影响,实验周期为30 d。结果显示:克氏原螯虾幼虾的体长、特定生长率、平均日增重、存活率和蜕壳率都随养殖密度的增大而减小,其中日增重由(0.007±0.002)g下降为(0.002±0.001)g,蜕壳率由(100±0.000)%下降为(37.222±3.928)%,降幅明显;体长、体重变动系数随养殖密度的增大而增大。每组个体的平均摄食量和摄食率均与养殖密度成反比。此结果表明养殖密度的增大总体来说不利于克氏原螯虾幼虾的生长和摄食。在饲料利用方面,饵料转化率在各养殖密度组之间无明显差异;蛋白质特定生长率、脂肪特定生长率和脂肪储积率随养殖密度增大呈减小趋势,蛋白质储积率呈增大趋势。  相似文献   

不同投饵率对达氏鳇幼鱼生长影响的初步研究     

鲁宏申  石振广  魏德强  韩骥 《水利渔业》2010,(1)

为了确定达氏鳇(Huso dauricus)幼鱼适宜的投饵率,选取同一种饲料,设置的5个投饵率水平(分别为体重的0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%),在水温17～20℃、溶氧6.2mg/L以上的环境下,对达氏鳇幼鱼生长进行为期30d的试验。应用SPSS软件对各实验组相应的数据进行分析。结果表明,5个投饵率水平的达氏鳇幼鱼相对增重率和特定生长率先升高、后下降、再升高、再下降,而饲料转化率则逐渐下降;达氏鳇幼鱼在该条件下的适宜投饵率为1.0%。  相似文献   

饵料结构对河蟹养殖池塘氮、磷收支和污染强度的影响     

戴修赢  蔡春芳  徐升宝  施陈江  吕梅良  叶元土 《水利渔业》2010,(3)

通过调查走访和实验分析,比较了3种投饵结构下河蟹(Eriocheir sinesis)养殖池塘在氮、磷收支和实际污染强度方面的差异。1种饵料结构以冰鲜鱼为主,另2种含配合饲料,按照配合饲料使用量不同,分为低于1000kg/hm2组和高于1000kg/hm2组。结果显示,以冰鲜鱼为主的养殖池塘氮收支方程为:苗种3.02kg(1.10%)+饵料272.18kg(98.90%)=渔获物31.92kg(11.60%)+伊乐藻136.18kg(49.48%)+底泥沉积79.53kg(28.90%)+尾水排放27.57kg(10.02%),磷收支方程为:苗种0.26kg(0.42%)+饵料61.02kg(99.58%)=渔获物1.49kg(2.43%)+伊乐藻15.01kg(24.49%)+底泥沉积41.94kg(68.44%)+尾水排放2.84kg(4.63%);配合饲料使用量低于1000kg/hm2的养殖池塘氮收支方程为:苗种4.49kg(2.74%)+饵料159.09kg(97.26%)=渔获物45.55kg(27.85%)+伊乐藻136.18kg(83.25%)+底泥沉积-39.26kg(-24.00%)+尾水排...  相似文献   

刺参池塘养殖系统中发酵饲料的制作与投喂   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姜燕  王印庚  薛太山  邹安革  廖梅杰  张正  朱建新  陈贵平  麦康森  张文兵 《渔业科学进展》2012,33(1):66-71

将海带粉、扇贝边粉、豆粕、虾粉、马尾藻粉按照40∶18∶20∶7∶15的配比混合,经浸泡、研磨等预处理后,加入0.25%～0.5%的水产诱食酵母,发酵72h。SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳结果显示,经过发酵处理后,饲料中的大分子蛋白发生降解。按照刺参体重3%的投喂量进行为期50d的投喂实验,结果表明,发酵饲料组刺参的生长明显优于普通饲料组(未发酵饲料),可见发酵饲料能够更好地满足刺参健康、快速生长的需要,具有良好的市场潜力。  相似文献   

Effect of dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth performance,body composition,nutrient utilization and hepatic enzymes activities of herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)     

W. GAO  Y.‐J. LIU  L.‐X. TIAN  K.‐S. MAI  G.‐Y. LIANG  H.‐J. YANG  M.‐Y. HUAI  W.‐J. LUO 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(3):327-333

Six isonitrogenous (390 g kg^?1) and isoenergetic (16.2 kJ g^?1) diets with varying carbohydrate : lipid (CHO : L) ratios (202.5–1.74), were fed to triplicate groups of 25 fish in indoor recirculation system. Over 8‐week‐growth trial, best weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein production value (P < 0.05) were observed in fish‐fed diets with CHO : L ratio of 7.5. Fish fed either the lowest (1.7) or highest (202.5) CHO : L ratio tended to produce lower (P < 0.05) growth and feed conversion efficiencies. The values of viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio increased as dietary CHO : L ratios decreased. There were no significant differences in whole body and liver crude protein among dietary treatments. Whole body and liver lipid increased as CHO : L ratios decreased. Plasma cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels increased linearly as dietary CHO : L ratios decreased. Activities of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase were stimulated by elevated levels of dietary carbohydrate; however, activities of lipase (LPS) and alkaline phosphatase were stimulated by elevated levels of dietary lipid. Based on a second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG against dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels, 275 g kg^?1 of carbohydrate and 59 g kg^?1 of lipid, corresponding to a CHO : L ratio of 4.7, in a diet holding 390 g kg^?1 of crude protein and 16.3 kJ g^?1 of gross energy, proved to be optimal for grass carp. These results indicated that utilization of dietary lipid and carbohydrate was moderate in grass carp, but the fish were a little more capable of utilizing lipid compared with carbohydrate.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the influence of different species and cultivars of lupin kernel meal on the extrusion process, pellet properties and viscosity parameters of salmonid feeds     

B. GLENCROSS  W. HAWKINS  R. MAAS  M. KAROPOULOS  & R. HAULER 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(1):13-24

This study examined the influence of different lupin species and cultivars and their inclusion levels on the physical properties of an extruded diet. Lupin kernel meals were included into a fish diet formulation at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. Soybean meal was also included in a series of diets on a similar basis as a reference. The diet mashes were extruded using a laboratory-scale APV19:45 twin-screw extruder. The pellets were examined for radial expansion, bulk density, vacuum oil uptakes, sink rate, shear and crush strengths. Inclusion of lupin kernel meal significantly increased bulk density, sink rate, shear and crush strength of the pellets. With the increase in lupin kernel meal inclusion level, a concomitant decline in vacuum oil uptake and radial expansion was also observed. An assessment of the diet mashes using a Rapid Visco Analyser showed that the inclusion of lupin kernel meals increased the rate and degree of gelatinization of the mash starch content compared with that with a similar inclusion level of soybean meal. The inclusion of lupin kernel meals in the diet mash also improved the water-holding capacity of the extrudate, which has important implications for the reduction in extruder wear.  相似文献   

Tolerance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to dietborne endosulfan assessed by haematology,biochemistry, histology and growth     

A.‐K. LUNDEBYE  E.‐J. LOCK  D. BOYLE  K. RUOHONEN  M.H. BERNTSSEN 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(5):549-558

The inclusion of plant‐based ingredients in commercial fish feeds may pose a challenge because of the presence of undesirable substances, such as the pesticide endosulfan. Waterborne endosulfan is highly toxic to fish, whereas dietborne exposure has varied toxicity in different species. To investigate the systemic effects of endosulfan exposure, quadruplicate groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed either 0 (control), 0.005 mg kg^?1; the European Union's maximum limit, or 10 or 20 times this level (0.05 and 0.1 mg kg^?1 respectively) for 95 days. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in liver somatic index, spleen somatic index, condition factor or growth among treatments. There were no indications of liver damage in fish from any of the groups in the biomarkers measured: plasma aspartate aminotransferase, plasma alanine aminotransferase and histopathology. Similarly, there were no apparent treatment‐related effects on the haematological parameters Hct, Hb, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and blood sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride levels were not significantly (P > 0.05) different among groups. Lipid digestibility, but not energy, protein, or glycogen digestibility, was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced at the highest exposure concentration. However, no significant differences were observed in lipid production value or lipid efficiency ratio. In contrast to previous studies, clinical histological abnormalities were not observed in the intestine, liver or spleen of endosulfan‐treated fish.  相似文献   

Effects of varying dietary compositions using common feed ingredients on growth and feed efficiency of pond‐raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)     

Menghe H Li  Edwin H Robinson  Brian G Bosworth  Daniel F Oberle  Penelope M Lucas 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(8):1133-1139

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate various ingredient combinations in a 28% or 32% protein diet for optimum performance of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. All diets contained soybean meal and corn, but with or without cottonseed meal, wheat middlings or fish meal (FM). Channel catfish fingerlings were stocked into 0.04 ha earthen ponds at 18 530 fish ha^?1. Fish were fed one of eight diets once daily to apparent satiation for two growing seasons. Results demonstrated that the dietary ingredient composition used had significant effects on fish performance, but magnitude of differences was relatively small. Overall, diets containing FM resulted in greater weight gain (Experiments 1 and 2) and lower feed conversion ratio (Experiment 1) than fish fed all‐plant diets. However, certain combinations of plant ingredients provided the similar fish growth as some diets containing FM. There were no significant differences in weight gain between fish fed soybean meal–corn or soybean meal–corn–wheat middlings‐based diets with cottonseed meal or FM. The use of wheat middlings in the diet had no significant effects on fish production characteristics.  相似文献   

人工养殖条件下不同投饵率对达氏鳇幼鱼生长影响的初步   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲁宏申  石振广  魏德强  韩骥 《水生态学杂志》2010,31(1):147-149

为了确定达氏鳇幼鱼适宜的投饵率,选取同一种饲料设置的5个投饵率水平（分别为体重的0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%）,在水温17℃~20℃,溶氧量在6.2mg/l以上的环境下对达氏鳇幼鱼体重的生长进行为期30天的试验。应用软件SPSS对各实验组相应的数据进行分析,结果表明（1）达氏鳇幼鱼相对增重率和特定生长率都随投饵率的增加,先升高后下降;而饲料转化率则逐渐下降。（2）达氏鳇幼鱼在该条件下的最适投饵率为1.0%。  相似文献   

Replacement of fish meal with two fermented soybean meals in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Dong Gyu Choi  Ming He  Hua Fang  Xin Lan Wang  Xiao Qin Li  Xiang Jun Leng 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(1):37-46

The present study investigated the effect of fish meal (FM) replacement with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout. Two FSM products, FSM1 (more fermentation with more small peptide and acid than FSM2) and FSM2 were used to replace 20%, 40% and 60% of FM in control diet (250 g/kg FM), respectively (FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM1‐60, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and FSM2‐60). Then the seven diets were fed to rainbow trout (18.1 g) for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and digestibility of crude protein and dry matter showed no significant difference among the groups of FSM1‐20, FSM1‐40, FSM2‐20, FSM2‐40 and the control, but WG significantly decreased and FCR increased when 60% FM was replaced by both FSMs (p < .05). The replacement of 40%, 60% FM resulted in lower villus height than the control (p < .05), and intestinal protease activity was lower in FSM2‐40, FSM2‐60 and FSM1‐60 groups than the control group (p < .05). In addition, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase increased with increasing levels of FSM (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary fish meal could be replaced by 40% with both FSMs without adverse effects on growth and feed utilization of rainbow trout based on an eight weeks feeding trial.  相似文献